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| CONFLICT |
PEACE, CONFLICT AND DEVELOPMENT
With vivid examples briefly explain each of the following concepts:
a:
peace
b:
conflict
c:
development.
d :
conflict management
e :
conflict resolution
f
:conflict cost
g:
conflict peak
h:conflict
decay
OBJECTIVES.
At the
end of the presentation students should be able to :
a).
Explain the concepts about the key term concerned with conflict.
b). Provide
vivid example concerned with the concepts.
1.Peace is a
state of balance and understanding in yourself and
between others where respect is gained by acceptance of differences
and tolerance persists. (Stewart, 2003).
Good example, we actual see that after election result in Zanzibar there is a conflict between the parties
Good example, we actual see that after election result in Zanzibar there is a conflict between the parties
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and peoples die this
was before 2010. in 2010 this condition seen to be different in which the peace
take place instead of conflict this is due to
the accord (Muafaka) between the top leaders of the parties including
Dr. Aman A. A. Karume of CCM and mwalimu Seif Sharif Hamad of CUF
who made agreement of having GNU.
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2.Conflict : There are different definition given by different
scholars but in a very brief conflict can be defined as the state of discord
caused by the actual or perceive opposition of need , value and interest
(Stewart, 2003) .
In
this regard conflict , a conflict can be internal (within one self) or
external (between two or more individual ). In the following four scenarios of
conflict relation parties:
a) Conflict within individual ( Intrapersonal
conflict)
People himself or
herself can reach a state of conflict caused by the failing of prioritizing one
important issue to one self among more than one alternatives an individual has.
b) Conflict between individual ( Interpersonal
conflict ) .
In our diverse
society the possibility of differences leading to conflict between individuals
is always there.
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C ) Conflict between a group of people ( intra
group conflict).
Even within one
organization or team , conflict can be arise from the individual differences or
ambition mentioned earlier or from opposition between sub group or factious .
d) Conflict between group of people (intergroup
conflict) .
This happens in the
field of sport , culture, religion and the work place and can some times change
from healthy competition to destructive conflict.
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A common example of
conflict in our country includes a present or on going constitutional conflict
concerning to two government or three government to operate in Tanzania .
3
.Development is a process directed at outcome encapsulating
(summarizing) improved standards of living and greater capacity for self-
reliance in economics that are technically more complex and more dependent on
global integration than before.(Kingsbury et al.,2004).
Development depend on
different issue like economic,
politically, socially and culturally .On now day development depend on technological advance, a common example of
development in our country in the sector
of education is the development that take place on the building several
university .There are five university and various colleges that provide
different field.
4.
Conflict management it has
been defined by American Management Association ( AMA) as recognizing the
potential value of conflict for driving change and innovation. This means
knowing when to confront and when to avoid a conflict and understanding the
issue around which conflict resolve.
Conflict
management is the process of limiting the negative aspects of
conflict while increasing the positive aspects of conflict. (Rahin, 2002.pg
208)
Example:
As a result
of the Muafaka II Accord, observer groups to the 2005 elections noted the
improved circumstances under which the elections took place, although most
groups noted that the 2005 polls were by no means completely satisfactory, with
considerable room for improvement. However, the implementation of the Muafaka
II Accord and the oversight of the JPSC increased the confidence of the CUF in
the legitimacy of the process, and although incidences of violence were
noted.
5.
Conflict resolution is a way for two
or more parties to find a peacefully
solution to disagreement among them. The disagreement may be personal,
financial, political or emotional. ( Mpangala &
Jonathan 2005).
A good example based on political competition
under conditions of economic backwardness and poverty tends to lead to
conflict. Zanzibar therefore needs rapid socio-economic development with a
reasonable balance between Unguja and Pemba. Problems related to the Union
should be discussed and solved.
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}The Union should
facilitate elections in Zanzibar without any form of bias or favouritism.
}
}
}6.Conflict
cost is a tool which attempt to calculate the price of
conflict to the human race. The idea is to examine this cost not only in term
of the death and casualties and economic costs born by the people involve but
also the social, developmental, political and environmental. ( Michael Cranna,
1994).
Example:
The 27th January 2001
demonstration of Zanzibar that held by the CUF that cause many people to
injured and other lost their life.
Also the doctors
boycott in Tanzania mainland to get salary. In this conflict the doctors did
not appear in their workplace which cause many deaths.
Also the boycott of
Zanzibar students in 1996 cost many student to loose their time to study and
led them to fail.
7. Conflict Peak : This is the state of
conflict where by it reached at its maximum point. It is usually in this state
where the conflict is nearly to war. It is the stage of conflict in which both
parties are ready or willing to fight from each other to satisfy its need : The
following example can clarify this meaning , during the result of the election
on 2005 the member of CUF decide to around outside of the Bwawani Hotel , they
were very angry and want to know the truth of the result , among them they are
said that they are ready for every thing whether to die or be injured but we
are waiting for the truth.
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8. Conflict decay is
the stage of conflict where by it has resolved or not resolved but it shows to
decrease (Stewart, 2003).
Conflict decay can
occur in the following three situations or environments:
a)Resolved by
someone.
b) Disappearance of
the conflict issue.
c) Fear or feeling of
failure/ breakdown or letdown one part of the conflict.
Example of conflict
resolved by someone.
Farmer and
pastoralist in Kilosa resolved by Regional commissioner.
Disappearance of
conflict issue.
The conflict between
two wives on husband. When husband died the conflict collapse.
Fear or feeling of
failure.
Conflict of gas in Mtwara, between
Mtwara natives and government.
REFERENCES
Kingbury, D.,Remenyi, J., Mckay, J.
& Hunt, J. (20040). Key issues in development. Newyork:
Palgrave Macmillan. Algert, N.E. (1996). “Conflict in the workplace” in
Proceedings: Women in Engineering Advocates Network, Denver, CO.,123.,123 –
127.
Kingbury, D.,Remenyi, J., Mckay, J.
& Hunt, J. (2004). Key issues in development. Newyork:
Palgrave Macmillan.
Museveni,
Y.(1998). “Opening Address by H.E Yoweri Kaguta Museveni,
President of the republic of Uganda at the conflict Resolution in Africa
Workshop.
Stewart, E.(2003).
Conflict Prevention: consensus or Confusion? Journal of Peace, Conflict and
Development 3:2 – 17.
